The glossary

Every number on the screen, defined.

What each column and ratio actually means and how it's calculated — no jargon, no mystery math. Values marked N/A throughout the app mean the underlying figure couldn't be resolved for that company, never that it's zero.

Core financials

The raw building blocks, tracked for the four most recent quarters (Q0, most recent, through Q3, oldest) plus a trailing-twelve-month (TTM) total.

Total AssetsAssets
Everything the company owns, at book value, for that quarter.
Current AssetsCash + receivables + inventory, etc.
The portion of Total Assets expected to convert to cash within a year.
Total LiabilitiesAssets − Equity (when not directly reported)
Everything the company owes. Backed into from Assets and Equity for filers that don't report it as a single line.
Current LiabilitiesDebts due, obligations due, etc.
The portion of Total Liabilities coming due within a year.
Total Shareholder EquityAssets − Liabilities
The company's book value — what would theoretically be left for shareholders after paying every debt.
Shares Outstanding
Total shares currently held by all shareholders, used to turn company-wide totals into per-share figures.
Revenue
Total sales for the quarter, before any costs are subtracted.
Operating Income
Profit from core operations — revenue minus operating costs, before interest and taxes.
Net Income
The bottom line — what's left after every expense, interest payment, and tax.
Operating Cash Flow (OCF)
Actual cash generated by the business, before investing or financing activity — the check on whether "profit" is real cash.
Free Cash Flow (FCF)Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures
Cash left over after the spending needed just to maintain and grow the business.
Dividends Paid
Total cash paid out to shareholders that quarter.
Interest Expense
What the company paid in interest on its debt that quarter.
GV Edge
Grandpa Value's proprietary per-share value signal. Free accounts see Cheap, Fair or Rich; Pro unlocks the exact figure, its history and the stocks that just crossed into the cheap zone.

Valuation & snapshot

Point-in-time figures using today's price against the fundamentals above.

Market Cap (Current)Shares Outstanding × Last Price
What the market currently values the whole company at.
Enterprise Value (Current)Market Cap + Total Debt − Cash & Equivalents
The theoretical cost to buy the whole company outright, debt included, cash netted out.
EV — GranularEnterprise Value, also netting Preferred Stock and Minority Interest
A stricter Enterprise Value for companies with preferred shares (permanent or mezzanine) or minority-owned subsidiaries, both of which have a prior claim ahead of common shareholders.
EV Granular / Sales (TTM)EV — Granular ÷ Revenue (TTM)
What you're paying for each dollar of trailing-year sales, on the stricter Enterprise Value.
Profit Margin (TTM)Net Income (TTM) ÷ Revenue (TTM)
The share of every sales dollar that reaches the bottom line.
Operating Margin (TTM)Operating Income (TTM) ÷ Revenue (TTM)
The share of every sales dollar left after core operating costs, before interest and taxes.
GV Edge ratio (Pro)
Price against the GV Edge value. Below 1.0 means the stock trades under its own conservative value floor. Free accounts see the Cheap / Fair / Rich bucket instead.
LiquidityCurrent Assets > Current Liabilities
A yes/no check on short-term financial health. Shown as N/A, not false, when either side can't be resolved.
SolvencyTotal Assets > Total Liabilities
A yes/no check that the company isn't balance-sheet insolvent overall.
Solvency Ratio (MRQ & TTM)Operating Cash Flow ÷ Interest Expense
How many times over the business's cash flow could cover its interest bill. N/A when there's no interest expense to divide by.
Dividends / Share (MRQ, TTM, NTM)
Per-share dividend, most recent quarter and trailing year. NTM is simply MRQ × 4 — a projection, not a forecast.
52-Week High / Low, % Off Each
The highest and lowest closing price over the past year, and how far today's price sits from each.
20 / 50 / 200-Day SMA
Simple moving averages of closing price — the standard short-, medium-, and long-term trend lines.

Screening ratios

Computed from the figures above and used by the named strategies and the filter builder.

EPS (TTM)Net Income (TTM) ÷ Shares Outstanding
Earnings per share, trailing twelve months.
P/E (TTM)Market Cap ÷ Net Income (TTM)
Price relative to trailing earnings. Only computed when Net Income is positive.
P/BMarket Cap ÷ Total Shareholder Equity
Price relative to book value.
P/SMarket Cap ÷ Revenue (TTM)
Price relative to trailing sales.
ROENet Income (TTM) ÷ Total Shareholder Equity
Return on equity — how efficiently the company turns shareholders' capital into profit.
ROANet Income (TTM) ÷ Total Assets
Return on assets — profit generated per dollar of everything the company owns.
Earnings YieldNet Income (TTM) ÷ Enterprise Value
Earnings power relative to the full cost of buying the company, debt included. The inverse of a P/E, on an enterprise basis.
FCF YieldFree Cash Flow (TTM) ÷ Enterprise Value
Same idea as Earnings Yield, but using actual free cash flow instead of accounting profit.
Dividend YieldDividends / Share (TTM) ÷ Last Price
Annual dividend income as a percentage of today's price.
Current RatioCurrent Assets ÷ Current Liabilities
How many times over short-term assets cover short-term obligations.
Net Current Asset Value (NCAV)Current Assets − Total Liabilities
Graham's liquidation-value proxy — what's left for shareholders if you ignore every long-term and fixed asset entirely.
Liabilities / Assets
The share of the company funded by obligations rather than equity. Includes everything the company owes, not just borrowing.
Debt / Equity (MRQ)Total Debt ÷ Total Shareholder Equity
Borrowed money relative to the owners' stake. Left blank when equity is zero or negative, or when the filing doesn't make total debt resolvable.
Net DebtTotal Debt − Cash & Equivalents
What the company would still owe if it used its cash to pay down debt. Negative means more cash than debt.
ROIC (TTM)Operating Income (TTM) × (1 − 21%) ÷ (Total Debt + Equity − Cash)
Profit earned on the money invested in the business, whether it came from lenders or owners. An approximation: it assumes the 21% U.S. statutory tax rate rather than each company's actual rate.
Revenue Growth (YoY)Revenue (TTM) ÷ Revenue one year earlier − 1
Compares the latest twelve months with the twelve months ending one year before, using only filings public at that time.
Net Income Growth (YoY)Net Income (TTM) ÷ Net Income one year earlier − 1
Left blank when the earlier year was a loss, since growth from a negative base isn't meaningful.
Earnings CAGR (3Y)(Net Income now ÷ Net Income 3 years ago)1/3 − 1
Compound annual growth in trailing net income. Needs positive earnings at both ends.
PEG (Trailing 3Y)P/E (TTM) ÷ (Earnings CAGR 3Y × 100)
P/E relative to how fast earnings have actually grown. This uses past growth, not analyst forecasts, so treat it as a rough guide. Shown only when growth is at least 1% a year.
Piotroski F-Score0–9 points, one per test passed
A checklist of financial health: positive return on assets and operating cash flow; return on assets improving; cash flow above net income; lower leverage; a higher current ratio; no new shares issued; and a better gross margin and asset turnover than a year ago. 8–9 is strong, 0–3 is weak. Needs at least eight of the nine tests to be measurable, so banks and some utilities show no score. A test that can't be measured counts as not passed.
P/E, P/B and P/S Sector PercentileRank within the company's sector, 0 = cheapest, 100 = most expensive
How the valuation compares with sector peers rather than the whole market. Only positive values are ranked, and sectors with fewer than ten ranked companies show nothing.

Long-horizon metrics

Built from up to 15 years of quarterly filings. Blank wherever the history can't support the figure.

Revenue / Net Income / FCF CAGR (3Y, 5Y, 10Y)Trailing twelve months now vs the same period N years earlier
Compound annual growth. Needs positive values at both ends.
ROE, ROIC, Net / Operating / Gross Margin (5Y Avg)Average of the value at each of the last five year-ends
Smooths out a single good or bad year to show how profitable the business usually is.
Profitable Years (Last 5 / Last 10)Count of year-ends with positive trailing net income
Blank when there isn't enough history.
Years Revenue Grew (Last 4)Year-over-year revenue increases across the last four year-ends
4 means revenue rose every year.
Share Count Change (3Y)Shares outstanding now ÷ three years ago − 1, restated for stock splits
Negative means buybacks; positive means dilution.
Years Paying Dividends / Dividend Growth Streak (Yrs)Consecutive complete calendar years with a dividend / with a higher typical payment than the year before
Counted from up to 20 years of price history, so a longer streak shows as 20. A flat year ends a growth streak.
Dividend CAGR (5Y)Typical payment now ÷ five years earlier, annualized
Uses the median payment in each year so one-off specials and payment timing don't distort it.
Payout Ratio (TTM)Dividends Paid ÷ Net Income
Blank when earnings are not positive.
FCF Margin / FCF Conversion (TTM)FCF ÷ Revenue; FCF ÷ Net Income
How much of sales, and of reported profit, turns into free cash.
Interest Coverage (TTM)Operating Income ÷ Interest Expense
How many times profit covers interest.
Net Debt / EBIT(Total Debt − Cash) ÷ Operating Income
Years of operating profit needed to repay net debt. Blank when operating income isn't positive.
FCF / Share, Book Value / ShareFCF (TTM) ÷ shares; Equity ÷ shares
P/E and P/B (5Y Median), vs 5Y MedianMedian of the ratio at each of the last five year-ends; today's ratio ÷ that median − 1
Negative means cheaper than its own recent history.

Grades & fair value

Computed in your browser from the columns above, so every figure can be traced. Estimates from filings, not predictions or advice.

Value, Quality, Growth, Safety Score (0–100)Average percentile rank of the components listed in each company's Grades card
Each component is ranked against every stock in the screener that has it; 100 is best. A grade needs at least three components. A ≥ 80, B ≥ 60, C ≥ 40, D ≥ 20, F below. They are relative rankings, not a recommendation.
GV ScoreAverage of the Value, Quality, Growth and Safety scores
Needs at least three of the four.
Graham Number√(22.5 × EPS × Book Value per Share)
Benjamin Graham's ceiling price for a defensive stock. Needs positive earnings and book value.
Lynch Fair ValueEPS × five-year earnings growth rate in % (capped at 25)
Peter Lynch's rule of thumb that a fairly priced stock has a P/E equal to its growth rate.
Cash-Flow Fair ValueTen years of free cash flow per share growing from the recent rate (0–12%) fading to 3%, discounted at 10%, plus a terminal value
A conservative projection from reported cash flow, not a forecast.
Earnings Power Value(Operating Income × (1 − 21%) ÷ 10% − Net Debt) ÷ Shares
What the business is worth if it never grows: current after-tax operating profit, capitalised.
Fair Value (Blend), Margin of SafetyMedian of the models that apply (needs two); Blend ÷ Price − 1
Positive means the price is below the blended estimate. Any model above five times the price is ignored as a likely data error.

Technical signals

Mechanical, moving-average–based patterns. Each comes in two windows — "Last 5 Days" (just triggered) and "Past Year" (triggered at any point in the last twelve months).

Golden Cross
The 50-day average crosses above the 200-day average — a classic bullish trend signal.
Bear Cross (Death Cross)
The 50-day average crosses below the 200-day average — a classic bearish trend signal.
Break Above / Below 50-Day
Price crosses above or below its own 50-day moving average.
Break Above / Below 200-Day
Price crosses above or below its own 200-day moving average.
Test 50-Day / Test 200-Day
Price approaches the moving average closely without fully crossing it.
Bear Bottom / Bull Top
A local reversal off a recent downtrend (Bear Bottom) or uptrend (Bull Top).
Last 5 Days / Past Year
Every signal above comes as a pair of columns: whether it fired in the last 5 trading days (fresh), and whether it fired at any point in the past year.

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